During the past two academic years, the software application has received favourable comments from students. The educational aspects of the application of this software tool are very important for both undergraduate and PhD students studying High Voltage Technique and Computer-Aided Design/Engineering (CAD/CAE) in Power Systems. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for a presented 220/110/10 kV HVS protected zone construction depending on the type and dimensions of the protective devices, impulse current magnitude and the various methods. Special attention is dedicated to ground wires as an efficient protective device in forming lighting protection for an HVS. Various models, methods and protective devices used for protected zone evaluation are discussed. This work presents the application of an expanded version of a software tool, formed using powerful AutoCAD software and the programming language Visual Basic, which enables the estimation and visualisation of a 3D lightning protection zone for a high voltage substation (HVS). Shielding failure and backflashover simulations are conducted for a 150 kV and a 400 kV overhead transmission line to demonstrate the effects of modeling of the predischarge current flowing during leader propagation phase on the estimated critical currents. The developed model is verified against literature data referring to breakdown of long air gaps. The new model is solved simultaneously with the rest of simulated system interacting with it as a circuit element this is accomplished by using the model with a type-94 circuit component. In this study several leader development models are implemented in a new model in ATP-EMTP using MODELS simulation language. Among models proposed in literature for the prediction of the dielectric behavior of air gaps and insulators, leader development models have a greater physical significance. Evaluation of the dielectric strength of transmission line insulation subjected to fast-front overvoltages is of major importance for the insulation coordination of overhead lines and the connected substations.
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